Europe’s seas are at a breaking point – Can the European Ocean Pact save them?

The EU controls the world’s largest maritime territory, and almost half of its population lives within 50 km of a coastline.

Yet, over 90% of Europe’s marine area is over-exploited by human activities, while invasive alien species, rising temperatures, and pollution are pushing the ocean to the brink.

Over the years, the EU has rolled out several strategies and action plans meant to protect the sea and the coastal communities who depend on it. These plans have so far failed to lead to meaningful progress. The reason? A lack of policy coherence, poor implementation and fragmented governance. Until now.

The proposed European Ocean Pact is a political initiative announced by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. It represents a significant opportunity to halt pollution, reverse biodiversity loss, address climate change and increase the resilience of the ocean and that of coastal communities.  

The promise of this Pact is simple yet ambitious: to bring about a broader, integrated and holistic approach to ocean governance that spans all sectors.

This is urgently needed - because a thriving ‘blue economy’ depends upon healthy marine ecosystems. Without fish, there are no fishers, without clean and healthy waters, there is no blue tourism. In the context of increasing insecurity, marine health is an essential contributor to economic resilience and political stability. 

Why do we need a healthy ocean?

The ocean is essential for stabilizing our climate, regulating global temperatures, and preventing extreme weather. It provides at least half of the oxygen we breathe and absorbs 90% of atmospheric CO2, helping to slow climate change. It's a vital source of nutrition, with fisheries and aquaculture feeding billions worldwide. The ocean also holds vast potential for renewable energy, from offshore wind to tidal and wave power. Coastal communities rely on it for jobs, tourism, and sustainable livelihoods. Protecting the ocean means protecting our future.

In short, a healthy ocean means a healthier future for everyone. 

The EU Oceans Pact should ensure a just transition to a low-impact and regenerative ‘blue economy’ that respects ecological limits, promotes low-impact and regenerative activities, ensures sustainable livelihoods, supports social justice, health, and well-being of coastal communities. 

This can be achieved with the support of an EU Ocean Fund and a comprehensive action plan. 

The 53 policy proposals featured in our joint Blue Manifesto can represent a Blueprint for the European Oceans Pact, as only a healthy ocean can be the cornerstone upon which resilient and competitive economies can be built and the well being of coastal communities guaranteed.