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The applicants are two organisations (Greenpeace Nordic and Young Friends of the Earth (Nature and Youth)) and six individuals who are complaining under Article 2, 8 and 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights about the Norwegian State plans to extend the petroleum production activities in the marine areas of the south and southeast Barents Sea. The case explores the link between the rights guaranteed by the Convention and the legal procedures for authorising fossil fuel extraction projects and assessing their climate impacts. ClientEarth’s submission addresses the following matters: (i) the content of the legal duty to conduct environmental assessment; (ii) the consequences of failing to assess environmental impacts at the strategic level, including in the specific context of the climate impacts of fossil fuel extraction projects; and (iii) the link between environmental assessment and human rights, with special reference to fossil fuel extraction projects and their climate impacts.